Whether you're commuting, exercising, or simply enjoying a ride, it's important to understand the rules that apply to electric bicycles in Tennessee. E-bikes are divided into three classes based on how the motor assists the rider. Different classes have different operating requirements.

Class 1 E-Bikes

A Class 1 e-bike provides electric assistance only while you are pedaling and stops providing assistance once the bicycle reaches 20 mph.

Class 1 riders should know:

• No minimum age requirement
• Riders under 16 years old must wear a helmet
• Riding on sidewalks is prohibited
• May be operated anywhere traditional bicycles are permitted, including streets, bike lanes, and designated bicycle paths and trails

Class 2 E-Bikes

A Class 2 e-bike can provide motor assistance whether you are pedaling or using the throttle. The motor is limited to 20 mph.

Class 2 riders should know:

• No minimum age requirement
• Riders under 16 years old must wear a helmet
• Riding on sidewalks is prohibited
• May be operated on streets where bicycles are allowed and on designated bicycle paths and trails

Class 3 E-Bikes

A Class 3 e-bike provides motor assistance only while pedaling and can assist riders up to 28 mph.

Beginning July 1, 2026, Tennessee law requires:

• Riders must be at least 16 years old
• Helmets are required for all riders, regardless of age
• Riding on sidewalks is prohibited
• Riding on bicycle paths and multi-use trails is prohibited
• May be operated on streets only if the e-bike is equipped with:
  • Fully functional pedals
  • A speedometer that displays miles per hour (mph)

E-Bikes vs. Motorized Bicycles and Motor Scooters

Although they may look similar, motorized bicycles and motor scooters are not e-bikes and are subject to different laws.

Motorized Bicycles

A motorized bicycle is equipped with an engine of less than 50cc or 2 horsepower.

Requirements include:

• Minimum rider age: 16
• Valid driver's license required
• License plate required
• May be operated on streets
• Riding on sidewalks is prohibited

Motor Scooters (e-moto)

A motor scooter may have an engine of up to 300cc, 30 horsepower, or 5,000 watts.

Requirements include:

• Minimum rider age: 16
• Valid driver's license required
• License plate required
• May be operated on streets
• Riding on sidewalks is prohibited

Ride Safely

Regardless of what you ride, always obey traffic laws, stay alert, and wear appropriate safety equipment. Be courteous to pedestrians, motorists, and other cyclists, and help keep Tennessee's roads and trails safe for everyone.

Vehicles required to have registration/registration plates must have vehicle insurance. 

**It is illegal to modify speed capabilities of an e-bike.**